Reflection and Transmission
Snell’s law or the law of refraction describes the relation between the angle of incident of light to the angle of refraction. The first formulation for the …
Aberrations
A perfect imaging system can image a point into a point. However, any imaging system has some flaws which degrade the image quality, and therefore …
Spectrometers
Light is more than just beams traveling from sources, it is an electromagnetic wave. Usually, we do not feel the wave property of light and can …
Prisms
Prisms are optical elements that are made from a bulk of transparent material and some of their faces are not parallel. Prisms are an important …
Telescope / Beam Expander Modules
Optical telescope configurations provide the ability to magnify the apparent angular size of objects. The telescope is ubiquitous in optical setups and is …
Off-Axis Parabolic Mirrors
Parabolic mirrors focus a collimated beam into a focal point, irrespectively of the wavelength of the incident light, thus allowing achromatic focusing …
Lenses and Imaging
Lenses are devices made from glass or any other transparent material, where their surfaces have spherical curvature. Lenses have been around …
