Aberrations
A perfect imaging system can image a point into a point. However, any imaging system has some flaws which degrade the image quality, and therefore …
Variable Power Systems
Optical zoom is a feature of many cameras and binoculars that allows one to zoom in on a subject without losing image quality. Optical zoom works …
Telescope
Telescopes are instruments used to observe and study celestial objects such as stars, planets, galaxies, and nebulae. The word telescope …
Lenses and Imaging
Lenses are devices made from glass or any other transparent material, where their surfaces have spherical curvature. Lenses have been around …
Reflection and Transmission
Snell’s law or the law of refraction describes the relation between the angle of incident of light to the angle of refraction. The first formulation for the …
Anamorphic Systems
Optical anamorphic systems are used to compress or expand the aspect ratio of images in photography and filmmaking. Anamorphic lenses …
Aberrations
A perfect imaging system can image a point into a point. However, any imaging system has some flaws which degrade the image quality, and therefore …
Spectrometers
Light is more than just beams traveling from sources, it is an electromagnetic wave. Usually, we do not feel the wave property of light and can …
Prisms
A prism is a transparent solid object with flat, polished surfaces that refract light. It is a geometric shape typically comprised of two parallel and …
Spectral Measurements
Light is an electromagnetic wave. The wave nature of light was revealed by the combined work of Poisson, Fresnel, and Maxwell during the 19th …
